Plant Cell Essays - Organelles, Chloroplast, Cell, Plant Cell

Plant Cell Essays - Organelles, Chloroplast, Cell, Plant Cell Plant Cell I am your typical plant cell. There are trillions of my sort on all plants, grass, and trees. My variety ranges from ten to a hundred micrometers. I am around twenty micrometers since I abide in grass. My organelles loosen up to one to ten micrometers. On the off chance that you are asking what I truly do and how I live, I am going to answer them in this paper. For one thing, any cells requires a structure, digestion, vitality, supplements, waste, and correspondence. I am more mind boggling than most different cells. Microorganisms cell just have a cell divider, cell layer, and a cytoplasm. Creature cells don't have cell divider, vacuole and cytoplasts. I am an exceptionally phenomenal cell in reality. Photosynthesis is the procedure which I create. Each bright day when I hold water or devour water, photosynthesis happens. The three fundamental pieces of this are for me to take in daylight. I should be in a carbon dioxide condition since that is the thing that I relax. I additionally need water. These three things of issue are the essential assets for my development and extension. Since this procedure utilizes daylight, it is consistently inexhaustible, and in this way the reason for all biological systems. The procedure of photosynthesis happens in my chloroplasts. The chloroplasts are enormous, unpredictable, twofold membraned organelles. They additionally give the cell the shade of green. Chloroplasts have their own individual smaller than expected cells and own DNA. My chloroplasts produce oxygen and glucose as a result which the mitochondria uses to create vitality in the technique of cell breath. The mitochondria resembles a force source to me. It takes the glucose and oxygen from the chloroplasts and hitters it down to give concoction vitality or ATP. The chloroplasts and the mitochondria are both found in my cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is everything in me that are not an organelle. They are found simply inside the cell divider and cell layer. The cell divider gives structure and backing to me. The cell divider is manufactured with a slender layer of cellulose. The cellulose is a polysaccharide made of numerous glucose units connected together. Only within the cell divider is the cell layer. This piece of my body gives an additional layer of security and keeps things all through me. The cell film is for the most part made out of lipids. The cell layer is likewise permiable to water. Water can slip all through the cell effectively through the cell layer. This procedure is called assimilation. Inside the cell layer is my core. The core goes about as a cerebrum to me. It contains DNA and RNA which work together to fabricate and control the cell. The core is a little small cell inside me. It has a twofold layer. The nucleus?s work is to produces proteins which are conveyed by my endoplasmic reticulum. The core has its own layer called the nucleoplasm. The Nucleoplasm is comprised of proteins and RNA which help in the development of ribosomes. The ribosomes are little organelles which take RNA from the core and produce it into protein. . Associated from the ribosomes are the endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum is a progression of layers and is situated in a few pieces of me. These are completely dissipated all through the cell and consistently joined to the cell film. Likewise from the endoplasmic reticulum are the golgi bodies. They take protein and enclose them by a film. They are found all over me. In conclusion in my body is the vacuole. The vacuole is an organelle with no inward structure. It fills in as a capacity place for me. It is situated in the focal point of me. Generally speaking my cell is incredibly intricate with numerous parts. My model has attempted to agree with it and look like it decently well be. My model is comprised of cardboard, expand, paper, gum, screws, and delivery delicate articles material.

Macroeconomics Assignments & Disscussions Assignment - 1

Macroeconomics Assignments and Disscussions - Assignment Example Two years before Pearl Harbor, the United States was an impartial nation, which means it would not like to be associated with the war since the nation was all the while recouping from the impacts of the Great Depression. In any case, after Pearl Harbor, President Franklin Roosevelt looked for motivation to enter the war. The president said that the best way to battle was to deliver weapons and materials for war. This prompted financial exercises in the once tired towns of the U.S. which had been hard hit by the Great Depression (â€Å"PBS.org: War Production† standard. 1). Creation of war material, for example, airplane and plane carrying warships, gunnery pieces, tanks and a huge number of armed force trucks set off the development of the American economy. The United States made a bigger number of weapons and boats than Europe and Japan. The US needed to move from assembling rural items to war material (â€Å"PBS.org: War Production† standard. 4). This is a report of the U.S. Total national output (GDP) for the second quarter of 2014 which has enrolled at $17,311,300,000,000. Gross domestic product, the article clarifies, is the gross financial yield of the nation, which may incorporate merchandise and ventures. Gross domestic product is a monetary measure which tells whether the economy is doing fine or not great. The article likewise clarifies about ostensible corresponding to genuine GDP. Ostensible GDP gives data about monetary yield, with some quarterly yield insights yet with no swelling estimation, and is likewise utilized for U.S. obligation examination. Obligation to-GDP proportion, which has been determined at 102%, is a significant piece of the ostensible GDP report. Then again, the U.S. per capita for 2013, a financial pointer for each American in the U.S., was assessed at $52,800. The article unmistakably clarifies the measure of GDP the nation accomplished for the second quarter which is more than $17 trillion, however just for the second quarter of this current year. It doesn't just give news about GDP however it additionally clarifies about the U.S. monetary yield. The

Welcome, Language Advocates, to Khan Academy!

Welcome, Language Advocates, to Khan Academy! This week we are thrilled to welcome 30 members of our Language Advocate team to Khan Academy headquarters in California! Language Advocates lead our effort to translate Khan Academy into dozens of different languages. They’re the key to making sure we can achieve the anywhere part of our mission to provide a free, world class education to anyone, anywhere.Representatives of 20 languages* are here with us this week from all around the world. Together we’ll be exchanging best practices for translating and adapting Khan Academy content, strategizing about how to promote Khan Academy in other countries, and making plans for the upcoming year. Stay tuned for a recap after the week is done!* Armenian ???????, Bangla ?????, Bulgarian ?????????, Burmese ??????, Chinese (simplified) ????, Czech ceÅ¡tina, French Français, Georgian ???????, Greek ????????,  Hindi ?????, Japanese ???, Kannada ?????, Pashto ????, Portuguese (Brazilian) Português brasileiro, Portuguese (European) Português europeu, Spanish español, Swedish Svenska, Tamil ?????, Thai ???, Turkish Türkçe  (Note: Languages without a link are still in the early stages of preparing their sites, so keep an eye on the international blog to see when they become available!)

Multitasking Experiment and Results - 832 Words

Introduction Multitasking is part of everyday life. Daily routines from driving to work or school, to coming home, involve people handling more than one task at a time. At what point is it too much to handle before mistakes are being made? When someone answers a call on their cell phone while driving, that is multitasking, and that has shown to be hazardous. When a student is instant messaging and writing a paper at the same time, that is hazardous as well, but not in the way one would immediately think. Heavy media use may be associated with decreased social well-being and could cause harm on young adults psychological functioning. Also, people who often multitask with media such as the TV, the internet, etc, have shown instances in which there was a diminished ability to effectively filter non-important information cognitively. The usage of media that college students use today has increased by at least 20% in the last decade (Alzahabi Becker, 2013). According to Stephen Monsell, everything people do requires a schema or task-set to perform that function. Mr. Monsell stated that we use executive control to pick and perform the proper task-set(s) that are necessary to complete our current goals or activities without being distracted to complete other unnecessary goals or activities (Monsell, 2003). Executive Control or Executive Function is a mental process that connects past experiences people have had with present actions they are going through. People use this whenShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Audio Multitasking and Visual Multitasking on an Individuals Memory. 1250 Words   |  5 PagesMultitasking is an idea that many people believe saves time and helps complete tasks in a shorter amount of time. However, theory suggests that by doing the same type of multitasking tasks, it would be too strenuous to remember what you just did since both activities were almost the same. This research paper aims to evaluate how the same type of multitasking affects the m emory of humans. Data from twenty-seven people were collected in which they had to perform two types of multitasking activitiesRead MoreThe Effects Of Instant Messaging While Reading A Passage1087 Words   |  5 Pageselements of a true experiment, and their results conclude that it is more challenging to finish a passage efficiently while also focusing on instant messaging (Bowman et al., 2010). Bowman et al.’s (2010) article enhances a readers understanding of the meaning of multitasking and affirms the assumption that multitasking is a challenging feat and one that people should refrain from using to complete tasks. Taylor’s (2011) article, similarly, discusses the usage of multitasking and the effects onRead MoreThe Technological Environment Of The Modern Workplace1133 Words   |  5 Pagesthat allow more multitasking and workplace interruptions. This technology allows workers to access their schedule instantly, hold meetings at their desk, constantly checking their phones for emails and phone calls. The availability of information at just a few finger taps has created an information overload in modern employees that has resulted in an average of 2.1 hours of lost productivity per day (Otto et al. 154-155; Lee and Duffy 137-138). Otto et al. explain that â€Å"Multitasking is regarded asRead MoreMultitasking Mind Games.Was The E-Mail Spell-Checked? Was929 Words   |  4 PagesMultitasking Mind Games Was the e-mail spell-checked? Was that a vitamin or an aspirin? Did Tommy remember his lunch? While multitasking became popular toward the end of the last century, experiments of its veracity date back to the 1930s. Research shows that multitasking often leaves practitioners feeling more anxious than accomplished (Alexopoulou Kotsopoulou, 2015). The cognitive ability to actually perform competent work in half the time causes stress, both psychologically and physicallyRead MoreMy Project : Multi Tasking And Retaining Knowledge1012 Words   |  5 Pagestake a test. The different test scores will be compared. The point of this experiment is to see if music, videos, etc will make an impact on how well u do in school work. To understand more on my project, I researched multitasking, retaining knowledge, why we forget things, and how to improve remembering. Human brains weren t made for lots of hard tasks to be done at the same time. The word for that is multitasking. Multitasking is the action that takes place when someone tries to perform two or moreRead MoreIs Multitasking A Learning By Disrupting The Encoding Of New Material?1222 Words   |  5 PagesIn this experiment, Sana, Weston, and Cepeda grounded their research questions in previously conducted research on the topics of divided attention and dual-task interference. It had been demonstrated in these earlier studies that multitasking obstructs learning by disrupting the encoding of new material. It was theorized that these errors in information processing inevitably occur because our cognitive resources are finite and easily overtaxed by multiple, simultaneous tasks. Besides resulting inRead MoreThe Gestalt Principles and Multitasking Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ The Gestalt Principles and Multitasking Revealed An Analysis of the Principles Michael Mohammad The Art Institute of California- San Diego Author Note This paper was prepared for Cognitive Psychology – PSY3010, Section YA, taught by Professor Joycelynn Flowers-ashton. Abstract The Gestalt theory first arose in 1890 as a reaction to the prevalent psychological theory of the time - atomism. Atomism examined parts of things with the idea that these parts could then be put back togetherRead MoreThe Internet Makes Us Shallow1309 Words   |  6 Pagesessential part of society without which we seemingly can’t function; although, because of it, our functionality has suffered. Throughout his argument, Carr very thoroughly supports his claim of the Internet’s effects on the human brain citing numerous experiments and much experimental data on the subject. His argument is logical, clear, concise, multi-faceted, and well supported across the chapter. Carr successfully argues that the Internet is producing grave changes to the human cognitive process throughRead MoreEssay Does the Internet Make You Dumber624 Words   |  3 Pagesaddresses in his article the impact of the plethora of information the internet provides its users and the impact it has on th e way we subsequently think. Carr’s theory is the overload of information is proving to be more distracting than useful, with the result being a subsequent negative effect on our intellect. Carr suggests that due to all the choices and distractions the internet provides its user whilst searching for information, it ‘turns us back to our native state of distractedness’(Carr 2010, pRead MoreEffects Of Sports Concussions1048 Words   |  5 Pageseffects of concussions can result in permanent damages that will hinder the person from functioning well. The effects of this sport-related injury are evident on the physical, mental, emotional and social spheres but the focus of this essay will be on the long-term effects of sports concussion on the cognitive aspect of athletes. First, I will explore how sports concussion affects a person’s brain health and performance, which in turn leads to difficulty in multitasking (Tapper, Gonzales, Roy,

Hiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus - 888 Words

It has been over 30 years since the first known cases of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) which is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) was reported. HIV attacks and disables the body s immune system. The virus attacks, the T lymphocyte (T cell), a type of white blood cell. Formed in the bone marrow the T cell helps the body fight off germs and diseases. Once HIV enters the body, it attacks this cell, copies itself and destroys the cell. Being HIV-positive indicates that a person has been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus but does not yet have AIDS. After the white blood cell is destroyed, the virus moves on to the next healthy cell. It takes years for the virus to damage enough cells to make the person sick. If left untreated, an HIV-positive person will eventually begin to feel sick. A person is diagnosed with AIDS when their T cell count falls extremely low. A few of the symptoms a person might experience include swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, fevers, headaches, diarrhea, and fatigue, depending on stage of the disease. (HIV/AIDS n.d.) It is estimated that 35 million men, women, and children are living with AIDS around the world and an estimated 39 million people have died due to HIV-related causes. (aids.gov, 2013) For years, doctors, researchers, pharmaceutical scientist, and scores of other support personnel have been studying, pursuing treatments, performing clinical trials, and searching for a cure forShow MoreRelatedHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1359 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The virus has infected two million adults and children by the year 2005 already. The virus continues to race around the world, and new HIV infections are at 50,000 per year (Martine Peeters, Matthieu Jung, Ahidjo Ayouba) (2013). The final outcome of the HIV infection is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). There are many treatments that have developed to help the large numberRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesHIV has been a pandemic that has affected the world relentlessly for many years in a never-ending circle. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is the virus that is spread through certain bodily fluids and can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). HIV attacks the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells, which leaves the person infected with HIV vulnerable to other infections, diseases, and other complications.1 Once this virus is acquired, the human can never fully rid itself of thisRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )884 Words   |  4 Pages(2010), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that affects the human immune system, leading to a chronic, progressive sickness that leaves people susceptible to opportunistic infections. When the body no longer can fight or resist infections, the condition is at this point referred to as AIDS, which means Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Averagely, it has been found to take more than ten years to develop from initial infection of HIV to AIDS. Though simple in description, HIV and AIDSRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )862 Words   |  4 Pagesshown that the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of AIDS. More than 33.4 million people worldwide are infected with the HIV virus today. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus. HIV is a virus similar to that of the flu or common cold. The differentiating factor is that with the flu and cold, your body will eventually clear the virus out of your system, but with the HIV virus, the immune system cannot clear it. Getting HIV means you have it for life. The virus immediately beginsRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )948 Words   |  4 PagesThe Uses of Blood by the HIV Virus Blood-borne diseases have contributed greatly to poor health outcomes among individuals and communities. Though blood fulfills various functions to ensure our survival, it can also act as the mechanism through which we become diseased. Understanding the characteristics of such infectious diseases is essential to preventing further cases. In this paper I will discuss how the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses blood to cause illness within the infected individualRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1261 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become more commonly seen in the world. It is important to show compassion rather than judging that patient based on a virus. The hygienist plays an important role in making the patient feel comfortable and in a judgment free environment. The patient should not feel as if the disease or virus defines the overall character of the patient. Standards precautions are still the same when treating all patients with or without a compromisingRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus1205 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is HIV? HIV is a fatal disease which stands for â€Å"Human Immunodeficiency Virus† it is a failure to the immune system to protect the body from any infections. This virus causes a condition called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. When HIV is left untreated it leads to another disease called â€Å"AIDS†. It can occur in any age, race, sex or sexual orientation. The highest risk of contracting HIV is having unprotected sex and sharing needles with others. Another factor are people that have STI’s andRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )980 Words   |  4 Pages The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an immune system disorder that can be contracted through sexual activity as well as other types of contact. (Healthy Living, pg. 79) If left untreated this virus can turn into AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is the final stage of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (aids.gov) AIDS is an incurable progressive disease that causes gradual destruction of CD4 T cells by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (Diseases, pg. 431) A healthyRead MoreHiv, Or Human Immunodeficiency Virus998 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1 HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, attacks the human immune system and greatly weakens the body’s ability to fight foreign invaders and infection. HIV first demanded notice in the early 1980s in the United States in homosexual men displaying illnesses like Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The disease was soon observed in IV drug users, hemophiliacs, and blood transfusion recipients, but became publicized as a â€Å"gay disease,† nicknamed by the media as GRID, or Gay-RelatedRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1349 Words   |  6 Pages Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retro virus that causes AIDs by infecting the T Helper cells of the body’s immune system. The AIDS virus is the final stages of the HIV virus. HIV is a lentivirus genus, which is a subgroup of the retrovirus that causes the AIDS virus. Even with proper treatment, an infected person has a life expectancy of less than ten years.As the virus weakens t he human immune systems, this effectleaves the patient compromised and at risk to opportunistic infections

Hoarding Disorder Is A Type Of Obsessive Compulsive...

Hoarding disorder is a type of obsessive-compulsive disorder that is characterized by a difficulty of discarding or giving away items because of the alleged need to have them (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). There are many things that contribute to people developing this disorder, such as biological, psychological, and social factors. In the case of Jenny Irvine, a 35-year-old woman, symptoms started at a young age and developed into a serious case of hoarding disorder that she eventually sought out treatment for. In analyzing Jenny’s scenario, it is clear that there were major factors that played into her development hoarding disorder that can be traced back to her childhood through evaluating her symptoms and background information provided. Jenny Irvine is the daughter of Paul and Grace Irvine. She has two children, Claire and Jeremy, and is divorced to her husband, Steve. Jenny graduated from college with a degree in both English and Communications. She used to work at a university to help doctoral students prepare their dissertations, but is currently unemployed. After Jenny’s hoarding symptoms began to significantly impact her and her family’s lifestyle, Steve decided to file for divorce and took the children with him to North Carolina where he accepted a new job offer. Although Jenny has children, she currently lives alone since her husband left and has been very distant with her loved ones, rarely leaving the house or answering any phone calls. Due to herShow MoreRelatedThe Connection Between the Little Mermaid and Hoarding Essays959 Words   |  4 PagesThe Little Mermaid and her Connection with Hoarding Melissa Legault Abnormal Psychology Anthony Smith April 30, 2013 Most children grow up watching Disney movies. It might be shocking to hear that a Disney princess may suffer from a psychological disorder. In Walt Disney’s movie The Little Mermaid, I think the main character Ariel suffers from disposophbia, also known as hoarding. Obsessive-compulsive disorder/hoarding has always interested me. These people take collecting to anRead MoreCompulsive Hoarding: A Stifled Chaos Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesAddiction can be a disorder filled with denial and regret, and is often sparked by one’s free will. Children are taught, as early as elementary school, to abstain from drugs and alcohol, which constitute the two of the largest culprits of addiction. Naturally, when one ponders addiction, his or her mind automatically travels to the realm of addictive substances, and does not consider what else may constitute as an addiction. What about an addiction affecting nearly a million Americans that does notRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )1602 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the Obsessive Compulsive Disorder foundation ( (International OCD Foundation, 2016), â€Å"OCD is a medical brain disorder that causes problems in information processing.† They compare OCD to a brain spasm; the brain f reezes on a certain thought and cannot move forward. The brain is incapable of dealing with thoughts of worry or doubt. This causes many side effects that can clearly distinguish a person as OCD. Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disease that many people know of, but few peopleRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder Essay1232 Words   |  5 PagesObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry. The acts of those who have OCD may appear paranoid and potentially psychotic. However, OCD sufferers generally recognize their obsessions and compulsions as irrational and may become further distressed by this realization. Obsessive–compulsive disorder affects children and adolescents, as well as adults. Roughly one third to one half of adults withRead MoreAll About The Hoarding Syndrome1036 Words   |  5 PagesThe Hoarding Syndrome is characterized as the excessive collecting and s aving behaviors that result in a cluttered living space and significant distress or impairment (Frost and Hart, 1996).   Hoarding symptoms often begin between the ages of 10-13 (Mackin, Arean, Delucchi, Matthews, 2011) but does not discriminate in terms of age, gender, educational levels, or socioeconomic status (Singh Jones, 2013). However, researchers have found a very strong association between having a family memberRead MoreHoarding Research Paper1425 Words   |  6 Pages Hoarding: Buried Alive Until a few years ago, a lady who was known to collect cats would have been called â€Å"the crazy cat lady.† Houses that were filled with endless amounts of stuff were referred to as â€Å"cluttered, filthy, or a pen sty.† As of today, those expressions have been replaced with the coined terms: â€Å"hoarder or compulsive hoarding.† What is hoarding? â€Å"Compulsive hoarding is a specific type of behavior marked by acquiring and failing to throwRead MoreEssay on Compulsive Hoarding and Dr. Randy Frost803 Words   |  4 PagesHoarding is defined as the acquirement of, and inability to discard worthless items even though they appear to have no value. Hoarding behaviors can occur in a variety of psychiatric disorders and in the normal population, but are most commonly found in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Those people who report compulsive hoarding as their primary type of OCD, who experience significant distress or functional impairment from their hoarding, and who also have symptoms of indecisiveness, procrastinationRead MoreAnimal Hoarding Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal hoarding is an obsession that is growing in victims and recognition throughout the world today. The typical animal hoarder has a serious psychological condition called obsessive compulsive disorder. Animal hoarders also may be suffering from different kinds of addictions, delusional disorder, attachment disorder, dementia, and even zoophilia. These people feel they have the responsibility to keep and care for an overabundant amount of animals, thinking that they are helping these creaturesRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesSeveral mental health disorders are brought on due to both psychological and biological problems. Many of these are anxiety or behavioral disorders. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of these disorders that is an issue in both anxiety and behavioral issues. Its causes may be ps ychological, biological, or, in most cases, both. Many studies have been conducted on OCD and show that it is a complex disorder with many different symptoms. There have been treatments and medications to helpRead MoreEssay on Obessive-Compulsive Disorder972 Words   |  4 PagesObsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is onset by anxiety which causes a person to have life consuming obsessions and compulsions. A person with OCD will spend hours completing ritualizes (patterns), they will isolate themselves form the world or from going to certain places. Treatments and medication are available to people who suffer from OCD to help them control their obsessions. However, not everyone living with OCD has compulsions (Darity 18). There are five different types of Obsessive-Compulsive

Business Decision Making Analysis - Assignment Highlights

Question: Discuss about the Business Decision Making Analysis. Answer: Introduction Business decision analysis for the respective assignment highlights the tools and techniques that can be used for studying the organizational design and structure of Reliance Telecommunications Limited based on the stakeholder interest. Moreover, to evaluate the social and environment costs while evaluating different decisions organization has taken in operational perspective whether in India or Global. Nevertheless, the research methodology accounts for a framework for research that needs to be undertaken in meeting the hypothesis as well as the decision-making attributes of Reliance Telecommunications Limited. Research Methodology In previous assignment, we dealt with problem of business statement nadidentification, selection and analysis of the research methods that could be preferably be advantageous for the collecting and processing of the data from the stakeholders. However, the research methodology will further analyse the decision-making system through the formulation of hypothesis while carrying out different tests in the research process. Research Tool The research onion is a technique that is recognizes on the diverse sheets of the study procedure, which can be assessed over the activities of the exploration. Nevertheless, it outlines a structure for the study proposition embraced to advance information with respect to the exploration question (DePoyGitlin, 2015). Thus, the proper investigation is chosen from the layers in the research opinion to help in studying the organization design and structure of Reliance Telecommunications Limited. Nonetheless, distinctive layers have been talked about under various heads deciding definite procedure that can go about as an arrangement of movement in the authoritative conduct sort of exploration managing in various settings. Figure 1: Research Onion Source:(Johnston, 2014) Research Paradigm The research onion is a device that recognizes the diverse sheets of the study procedure, which can be assessed over the activities of the assessment. Nevertheless, it outlines a structure for the paradigm embraces to answer the thinking as well as practice undertaken in the organization. Thus, the proper exploration is chosen from the layers of the research onion to help with advancing study with different tool used in the paradigm (ZhouNunes, 2015). However, two types of research paradigm are studied. One is ontology in which is thinking based on real facts aligned with the behaviour of the people. However, the other research is epistemology in which the facts are considered with the knowledge and information affiliated with those facts (Goertz Mahoney, 2012). Nonetheless, distinctive layers have been talked about under various heads deciding definite procedure that can go about as an arrangement of movement in the authoritative conduct sort of exploration managing in various settings. Justification for Epistemology Paradigm The epistemology research paradigm has been undertaken to study the facts that are already prevalent in the reports of Reliance Telecommunications Limited and use the same set of ideas to test using the stakeholder interest. However, the study undertaken applies to the organization structure and design of Reliance Telecommunications Limited based on the objective nature of the research. Research Philosophy The first sheet of research onion constitutes to think about the physical positions and in addition philosophes with a watchful eye to define the structure and direction of the study. In any case, the choices of research philosophies are predominant on the breaking down the information and data. There are six philosophical theories that are administered in the exploration. They are objectivism, pragmatism, constructivism, interpretivism,positivism and realism (Gray, 2013). On the off chance, that objectivism manages the law that influences a gathering of people such, that social variables differ from social phenomenon. Although,constructivism is inverse to objectivism where social variables are independent of social phenomenon. The amalgamation of the two is known aspragmatismwhereas realism approach manages the social reality that recognizes two social substances from each other with the end goal that they are autonomous from each other (Bunge, 2012). Then again, positivism as well as realism are quite similar because hypothesisneeds to be generated and using that makes a group of exploration which will being out valid as well as reliable results. Lastly, interpretivism is a qualitative methodology as it includes support of individuals analysing the meaningful ideas the pe ople regarding the research (Goldkuhl, 2012). Justification for Positivism Philosophy The positivism philosophy has been taken because the analysis of the various decisions cannot be based on the subjective knowledge because objective knowledge will help in evaluating the physicalenvironment and the way it has contributed to the internal and external structure and design of Reliance Telecommunication Limited whether through stakeholder interest or the business decisions. Research Approach The second sheet of research onion constitutes to think about undertaking a decision based on the goals that the research has set to evaluate. However, the research approach can be explainedbased on two approaches one is deductive and the other is inductive. Deductive involves setting a level to meet the research using research hypothesis whereas inductive approach devises the explanation of the theory using analysis to subjugate a theory based on research questions (Hitchcock, 2012). Justification for Deductive Approach The deductive approach opts to be suitable for the research, as it will be based on evaluating the hypothesis testing and the way the research had been undertaken in forming departments, various controls, authoritative nature that has helped in undertaking various business decisions in the long run. Research Design The research design is the second sheet of the research onion in which three forms of designs are mapped in the research. They are exploratory, descriptive and causal research. The exploratory design is discovering ideas and insights using the existing knowledge of the research. This research is flexible yet is considered the front end of total research design. On the other hand, the descriptive designcan be based on the characteristics as well as functions of the study. Although, this design is for large sample but is analysed quantitatively used surveys and observation of other data. The third design is causal design in nature as it helps in determining the experiments that can helps in manipulation of one or more independent variables (Younus, 2014). Justification for Descriptive Design The descriptive design is considered because the business decision analysis needs to be evaluated using business decisions undertaken in formulating vertical plan and being operation to customers through telecommunication service. Although, the design of analytical tool taken will be quantitative but new insights can also be drawn for repetitive process of optimizing design that could be acceptable in the market (Brandimarte, 2012). Analytical Tools/ Strategies The analytical tools in the business decision are the mainstay of the analysis that the organizations undertaken in understanding the workflow processes employee efficiency as well as financial management (Camm, et al., 2015). However, the tools that turn to be significant in the study are simulation, decision tree, trend chart, financial projections as well as benchmarking. The tools are performed by the organizations to depict the performance of the organization in relative to its competitors and the different opportunities that are presented in front of the organization. If decision tree on one hand is used to determine the potential outcomes then simulation, on the other hand, records the characteristics of the abstract system as well as physical process. Trend charts is to display data over time and financial projection is to depict how fast investments can be bring in as profit (Bordawekar, BlaineyPuri, 2015). Justification for Decision Tree The justification for choosing decision tree as a tool is because it helps in applying the basic consequences whether outcomes, utility or resource costs. Moreover, to analyse the operations of any organization whether domestic or international, it is important to map out the thought process of the organization. However, in this case, we will analyse the different projects undertaken in to study the growth of organization structure and design of Reliance Telecommunications Limited. Figure 2: Decision Analysis Tree Source:(RokachMaimon, 2014) Research Methods The research onion has fourth sheet as research method which depicts that whether the research undertaken will be qualitative, quantitative or mixed research. This sheet incorporates the model to highlight the real plan in gathering information. Qualitative study depends on individual records, feelings and depictions while quantitativestudy depends on the records and is worried with estimations and amount (Anderson, et al., 2012). Nonetheless, mixed is a blended strategy takes both subjective and quantitative study in consideration. Justification for Quantitative Method The quantitative method in this study is taken for two purposes first is that the business decision tree is quantitative in nature and will help in investigating on the operation decisions in the research. Secondly, the research needs to be evaluated to study whether the decisions taken had been fruitful in growth of organizational structure and design or not based on the stakeholder interest. The stakeholder will be evaluated based on the survey questionnaire using different case studies based on the decisions or could have been taken in case of Reliance Telecommunications Limited. Time Horizons The research onion fifth sheet is the time horizon that studies the time taken to carry out the study. The time taken for the research can be either short or long. However, the two time horizons are cross section study and longitudinal study. The cross sectional study is for short duration and is carried out once and represent of one period of time whereas longitudinal study is repeated over and over again and that is it is of long duration analysing the cause and effect relationship (Mann,2012). Justification for Longitudinal Study The longitudinal study is taken in the case of Reliance Telecommunications Limited because the business decisions needs to be analysed over a period and the questionnaire undertaken for the research is based on the stakeholders. As a result, the organization has evolved and for proper analysis of cause and effect, the duration of the study will be long. Data Collection Methods The data collection technique determines the method thatcan be founded on essential information or secondary information relying upon the reason for the study. The information gathered efficiently characterizes the basic aid in arranging the procedure of the study as well as formulates the decision-making process (Albright Winston, 2014). The essential information is gathered from primary data and is gathered with mixed results, as the researcher cannot be bias. In spite of the fact that, the primary information gathered is unique as well as time taking but it helps inconducting the study for future purposes. On the other hand, when it comes to secondary data collection method it warrants the use of newspaper and magazine articles, books, case studies, decisions taken in past regarding the topic, diaries, books and other sources of material (Hammond Wellington, 2012). The validity and reliability of the examination creates learning in the business decision-making process. Justification for Primary as well Secondary Data Collection Method Both data collection methodhas been considered because when it comes to decision analysis, the research needs to be advocated from the information available from the operations of Reliance Telecommunications Limited. However, when it comes to analysis of those decisions then primary data analysis will be considered on the stakeholders of the organization. Sampling Size and Technique The sampling method is the basis of any research as it helps in analysing the group and the number of respondents and the way they will be selected from the population (Fowler Jr, 2013). Nevertheless, the sampling method is of two types one is probability sampling and the other is non-probability sampling method. In this case, random probability sampling will be considered because the stakeholder (customers, debtors, creditors, suppliers, manufacturers, shareholders as well as owners) need to be of Reliance Telecommunications Limited as they would be the one who would be proper knowledge in regards to the organizations whereabouts. Even more, the sampling method undertaken will accompany the responses of 125-150 sample. The large sample taken will give valid results and the operations as well as business decisions could be evaluated on the business tree. Data Analysis Plan According to the study, the data analysis plan is based on quantitative method based on primary and secondary data collection method. The primary data collection method will be used on questionnaire method where Likert Scale would be followed and will have values from Strongly Agree = 5 to Strongly Disagree = 1 (Zikmund, et al., 2013). The questionnaire will be of case studies from the Reliance Telecommunications Limited analysing the scenario of organizational structure and design. However, this method will gather responses and new insights could be drawn to the business decisions taken until now. On the other hand, the business tree from the business analytical tool will accompany all the decisions undertaken from departments, enterprise services, controls and division of labour undertaken in the organization. The business tree will not only evaluate organizations decisions but also will help in analysing the different practices undertaken by the company representative of model integration and internal quality management (Wiegers Beatty, 2013). The hypothesis generated for the research is given as: H0 (Null Hypothesis): Business decisions taken has no impact on the organization structure and design while maintaining stakeholder interest of Reliance Telecommunications Limited. H1 (Alternate Hypothesis): Business decisions taken have an impact on the organization structure and design while maintaining stakeholder interest of Reliance Telecommunications Limited. The results analysed from both questionnaire and business decision analytical tool will be compared to see the efficiency of organization in maintaining stakeholder interest as well as structure and design of the organization. The quantitative results will be analysed on Excel using regression, descriptive statistics as well as ANOVA to bring uniformity in the results (Evans, 2013). Accessibility and Ethical Issues The accessibility issues highlights the efficiency of facing information on the grounds of the desired sample. The questionnaire will be sent to all stakeholders through direct email by the organization. However, from the population, only 125-150 sample needs to be taken. Conversely, the issues remains that being decision on organizational structure and design, it is important that questionnaire should be send to loyal customers where there is uncertainty that someone else would be solving the questionnaire. Moreover, as the questionnaire is not taken face to face, there is high possibility of risk in running out of time and cost. Nonetheless, all unethical acts like hacking, using illegal means of getting information were avoided such that all the analysis of business decisions were kept unharmed to maintain integrity and truthfulness of the results. Moreover, the direct mail send to stakeholders were not forced to fill the questionnaire rather they were given a choice whether they wish to submit it or not (Weiss, 2014). Research Limitations The research limitations of the research can be highlighted through the following. Firstly, the research can had also followed qualitative method following face-to-face interviews from the top management to get to know the depth of the problem. Other decision-making tools like financial projections as well as trend charts could have been considered to evaluate the profit of the organization over a period of years. Conclusion To conclude, it can be said that the research methodology constitutes to be a significant part of the study to analyse the process. The research methodology is an amalgamation of research techniques used in research as well as analytical tools used in business decision analysis. However, the research carried is on primary as well as secondary data followed on the grounds of quantitative research method. Conversely, all the ethical as well as accessibility issues have been kept in mind while undertaking the research on stakeholders. 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